New evidence has confirmed the use of hallucinogenic substances in ancient Egyptian rituals. Researchers discovered plant-based psychoactive compounds in a 2,200-year-old ceremonial vessel. These findings provide the first direct chemical proof of drug use during rituals dedicated to the protective deity Bes.
By August Roberts
Psychoactive Substances in Ancient Egypt
For years, scholars speculated that the ancient Egyptians used mind-altering substances in their religious practices. However, concrete evidence remained elusive until researchers analyzed residue from a “Bes vessel,” a clay pot adorned with the face of the protective god Bes. The vessel contained extracts from three psychoactive plants, including Syrian rue, which induces trance-like states, and the star lotus, known for its sedative properties. The analysis also uncovered traces of honey and grape juice, suggesting these substances were consumed as a sweetened ritual drink.
The Role of Bes Vessels
Bes vessels, widespread in Egypt between 1600 BCE and 476 CE, have long intrigued archaeologists due to their association with protective and ritualistic themes. Depictions of Bes in temple art and graffiti often reference dreams or oracles, hinting at his connection to altered states of consciousness. The vessel analyzed in this study came from a Tampa museum and offered unprecedented insights into its use during rituals. The sweetened red liquid within may have symbolized blood, linking the drink to myths where Bes calmed vengeful gods.
Chemistry Behind the Discovery
Chemical and genetic analyses of residue inside the vessel revealed alkaloids from Syrian rue, known to produce intense visions, and compounds from the star lotus, traditionally used for its narcotic effects. A third plant, African spider flower, was also identified for its stimulant properties. These ingredients, combined with honey and licorice, likely enhanced the drink’s potency and sweetness. Researchers suggest this mixture was consumed during ceremonies to honor Bes and induce prophetic dreams or visions.
Unlocking Egypt’s Spiritual Practices
This groundbreaking discovery provides tangible evidence of the ritualistic use of psychoactive substances in ancient Egypt. The Bes vessels, previously a subject of speculation, now stand as a testament to the integration of plant-based drugs in religious practices. These findings confirm textual accounts of Bes as a “giver of dreams” and underline his importance in Egyptian spiritual life.
The discovery of psychoactive plant residue in Bes vessels reveals the deep connection between ancient Egyptian rituals and altered states of consciousness. This chemical evidence validates long-held theories about the ritual use of hallucinogens in religious practices. It sheds new light on how spiritual traditions intertwined with the natural world to create profound cultural experiences.
Based on information from www.scinexx.de and own research.