Alexandria, Egypt’s historic coastal city, is grappling with severe consequences of climate change. Rising sea levels and coastal erosion are threatening this millennia-old metropolis, once home to the famous Library of Alexandria and the legendary Pharos lighthouse.
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A City Under Siege
Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC, Alexandria now faces an existential threat. Climate change-induced sea-level rise is causing unprecedented damage to the city’s infrastructure and cultural heritage. Recent studies show that buildings are collapsing at an alarming rate of 40 per year, compared to just one annually in previous decades. This surge in structural failures is directly linked to seawater intrusion, weakening building foundations.
Coastal Erosion and Rising Waters
Alexandria’s coastline is rapidly eroding, with some areas losing up to 40 meters per year. The city’s low-lying geography, with nearly half its population living below sea level, makes it particularly vulnerable to flooding and storm surges. Scientists predict that even a modest sea-level rise of 0.5 meters could submerge large parts of the city, potentially displacing millions of residents.
Threats to Cultural Heritage
The city’s rich archaeological sites and historical buildings are at severe risk. The famous Citadel of Qaitbay, built on the ruins of the ancient Pharos lighthouse, is now threatened by rising waters and increased wave action. Other significant sites, including Roman-era catacombs and the modern Library of Alexandria, face similar dangers.
Economic and Social Impacts
Alexandria’s economy, heavily reliant on tourism and its port activities, stands to suffer greatly from these environmental changes. The fishing industry, a traditional mainstay of the local economy, is also under threat due to changes in marine ecosystems and coastal erosion. Moreover, the potential displacement of millions of residents could lead to significant social and economic upheaval.
Alexandria’s plight serves as a stark warning of the immediate and severe impacts of climate change on coastal cities worldwide. As this ancient city battles to preserve its heritage and protect its residents, it highlights the urgent need for global action on climate change.
What steps do you think should be taken to save Alexandria and other vulnerable coastal cities? Share your thoughts in the comments!
Based on content from www.travelbook.de and additional research.