A new airless tire, inspired by water droplets, has been developed in South Korea and could revolutionize how vehicles handle both smooth and rugged terrains. This innovative design aims to combine the energy efficiency of traditional round tires with the robust terrain adaptability of tracked vehicles, offering the best of both worlds.
By Julian James
Transformative Tire Technology
The groundbreaking tire design consists of numerous chain-like segments known as “Smart Chain Blocks,” which are held together by adjustable spokes. When the spokes are tightened, the tire maintains a round shape, minimizing ground contact and reducing rolling resistance on smooth surfaces. In contrast, when the spokes are loosened, the tire flattens at the bottom, increasing the contact area for better grip on uneven terrain. Inspired by the surface tension properties of water droplets, this design allows the tire to adapt its shape dynamically, much like how a droplet changes when it hits a surface.
Practical Applications and Testing
This airless tire has been tested on various robotic vehicles, including a self-balancing two-wheeled wheelchair and a four-wheeled robotic vehicle. The tests demonstrated that the tire could overcome obstacles up to 1.2 times the height of the tire’s radius, even under heavy loads, such as the 265-pound wheelchair. However, one downside noted during testing was the accumulation of dust and small stones between the chain segments. Researchers are optimistic that a flexible outer cover could address this issue, further enhancing the tire’s durability and functionality.
Airless Tires for Space Exploration
The potential for airless tires extends beyond Earth, especially in space exploration, where traditional rubber tires would fail due to extreme temperatures and harsh environments. Airless tires are being actively researched for use on lunar and Martian rovers, where durability and adaptability are critical. For instance, NASA’s Mars Rover Curiosity has experienced significant wear on its aluminum wheels due to the rough Martian terrain. Future tires made from materials like Nitinol, a nickel-titanium alloy, could offer the elasticity and resilience needed to withstand the rigors of space while maintaining their shape.
Challenges in the Consumer Market
Despite the potential advantages, airless tires have yet to make significant inroads in the consumer automotive market. Major manufacturers like Michelin have introduced concepts such as the Uptis tire, designed to be puncture-proof. However, airless tires face challenges, including limited adjustability for different vehicle weights and similar wear rates to traditional tires. As Peter Hofmann from the TU Wien points out, unless airless tires can offer significant cost advantages or improvements in durability and comfort, their adoption may remain limited.
This innovative tire technology, while still in development, holds promise for transforming how vehicles navigate diverse terrains, from off-road adventures on Earth to future missions on other planets.
Based on content from www.futurezone.at and additional research.